In physics? None of it. As Steven Weinberg remarked, if you have one of those T-shirts with Maxwell's Equations on it, you might have to worry about it going out of style, but not about it becoming false. Of course the remark about going out of style presupposes that it was ever in style to begin with, which is questionable, but doesn't affect the main point. :-)

What we do have in our current physics is a reasonably good understanding of the limitations of our theories: we know that none of them are theories of everything, they all have limited domains of validity, even if for some of them those domains are very wide. That is the key thing that systems like those of Aristotle and Newton did not have.