There is a third type: those of us that work with frameworks and build our own with libraries when needed. The right tool for the job essentially. The "right" framework is absolutely a net benefit, even in academia, but it can be very hard to pick the right one. Sometimes none of the available framework options are "right" either. The downsides of picking the wrong framework for a project are massive and worse than custom code in my experience. I rarely hear pro-framework-only people talk about the downsides, and I always wonder how experienced they are. Have they never seen a project go sideways by picking the wrong framework?