As it is, people have been circumventing fundamental rights by calling them other names. E.G. "Disclosure" or "Leak" or "Disturbance". I understand the need to prevent certain pieces of information falling into the wrong hands, however a blanket sweep of all activities with the implicit understanding that it's potentially unconstitutional, is a bit much.
Its hard and I wish I had more info. One thing I do know is that blogs are the worst form of information. I would think being a whiz at Javascript and PHP would be a prerequisite but maybe you just need a good understanding of different specs and protocols.
You don't really need to be a master of a specific language. You just have to understand general programming concepts. The hard part is getting the right approach to searching for vulnerabilities. Learning to recognize everywhere the target system is taking input and estimating what it is doing with that input is where the skill is at.
Yes, it absolutely does, and I am very much not happy about it. I am the most anti-Google person I know.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to live in a world of ideals, and so, I must compromise from time to time. As I mentioned elsewhere, I have another machine with 100% free software that I use for PGP when I need to keep secrets.
Linux? FreeBSD? Haiku? There's plenty of choices, and all of them have modern web browsers available (and frankly, better browsers than Chrome. People should really stop drinking google kool aid and take a look at the chrome codebase first before using it).